Development of a Program based on Goal Management Training for Adolescents with Executive Dysfunctions Complaints.

This study aimed to develop a program based on Goal Management Training (GMT) and to investigate its effectiveness on executive functions, through formal instruments and an ecological task. Participants were 25 adolescents with complaints of executive dysfunctions. They underwent neuropsychological assessment of working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and intellectual ability. Participants also took part in a cooking activity and were evaluated for errors per action, of omission, activity performance time, recipe consultation. After, they were randomly allocated to an active control group (CG), which underwent psychoeducation sessions, and an experimental group (EG), stimulated through GMT in eight sessions. Then participants underwent another assessment and follow-up after 4 weeks. In post-intervention analyses, results showed an improvement in executive functions in EG, in the working memory measurement and time of the ecological activity (g = 1.78 and .93, respectively), IQ (g = -1.01), reasoning (g = -.89), flexibility (g = -1.21), and inhibition (g = -3.11). In follow-up evaluation, large-size effects were observed on flexibility (g = -2.95), inhibition (g = -5.78) and execution time of the ecological activity (g = .98). Significant interactions between assessment Time x Group revealed EG gains in IQ, scores in reasoning and flexibility. EG also had longer execution time in flexibility and inhibition tests. That is, EG had greater scores and probably was less impulsive in these tests. Furthermore, EG decreased the number of verifications and the time in the ecological task, that is, had a more efficient performance. Results suggest the intervention can be as instrument to promote executive function.

Instrução fônica como intervenção no processo da leitura e escrita em estudantes com deficiência intelectual / Phonics instruction as intervention in the process of reading and writing in students with intellectual disability

A meta do presente estudo foi, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, sistematizar pesquisas já realizadas sobre a contribuição de instruções fônicas na capacidade em desenvolver a leitura e escrita em estudantes com deficiência intelectual. Empregou-se a pesquisa literária por meio da análise de artigos publicados em revistas científicas tanto nacionais quanto internacionais com referência à temática de intervenção fonológica no processo de leitura em deficientes intelectuais. Os resultados dos estudos demonstraram que o treino de instrução fônica dá suporte ao desenvolvimento da leitura em crianças com deficiência intelectual de diferentes etiologias.

The goal of this study was, through a literature review, systematize previous studies on the contribution of phonic instructions on the ability to develop reading in students with intellectual disabilities. Literary research was employed by the analysis of articles published in scientific journals both national and international with reference to phonological intervention theme in the reading process intellectually disabilities. The results of the studies have shown that phonics instruction training supports the development of reading in children with intellectual disabilities of different etiologies.